Identifier that allows information to be sent between devices on a network. They contain location information and make devices accessible for communication.

Version of IP Address

4 types of IPs

• Public: IP address that can be accessed directly over the internet and is assigned to your network router by your internet service provider (ISP).
• Private: IP address your network router assigns to your device and let devices connected to the same network communicate with one another without connecting to the entire internet.
• Static: The address does not change. Most devices use dynamic IP addresses, which are assigned by the network when they connect and change over time.
• Dynamic:

Routing

• Unicast (IPv4 & IPv6): one-to-one transmission in same/different network.
• Multicast (IPv4 & IPv6): one/more senders and one/more recipients. Since IPv6 has no support for the broadcast address, any function that used to rely on broadcasts will now be using multicast addresses.
• Broadcast (IPv4 Only): one-to-all transmission in same/different network.
• Anycast: similar to the multicast & broadcast address, but packets will be delivered to only one random host( or closest in the network), instead of the entire group. [built-in feature of IPv6 but in IPv4 it is implemented with BGP]

NAT

Internet <=> Local Network | Network Address Translation Allows a single device, such as a router, to act as an agent between the Internet (or public network) and a local network (or private network).